История становления в СССР биосферного подхода в теории эволюции

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Аннотация

Данная статья посвящена истории эволюционизма в СССР. Выделены два основных подхода к изучению эволюции: филогенетический и биосферный. Филогенетический подход был характерен для учения Ч. Дарвина и синтетической теории эволюции (СТЭ). Его приверженцы описывали развитие отдельных филетических линий, не объясняя особенностей макроэволюции в биоценозах. Сторонники биосферного подхода рассматривают эволюционный процесс как смену экосистем в геологическом времени. Подход к эволюции биоты как единой макросистемы имел место у Л. С. Берга и Д. Н. Соболева; позднее биосферный подход, уже в современном понимании, начал развиваться благодаря В. И. Вернадскому и некоторым отечественным экологам. Таким образом, в СССР наряду с развитием СТЭ происходило становление биосферного подхода в эволюционной теории.

Об авторах

М. С. Козлова

Институт истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН

Email: mariannakozlova@yandex.ru
Россия, 125315, Москва, ул. Балтийская, д. 14

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