Volgograd Journal of Medical Research

This article analyzes the organization and initial performance of the emergency psychological assistance (EPA) service for the Volgograd Region population, which has been operating within the 112 Emergency Call Department since 2021. Purpose: Detailed description and evaluation of the service's performance during the first four years of operation. The research objective is to analyze the dynamics of demand for EPA, identify the population's key needs in crisis situations, and evaluate the 112 service's contribution to ensuring the region's psychological safety. Materials and methods: This study examines residents' primary requests received by the 112 service and analyzes the forms and methods of providing EPA, including remote counseling and coordination with other services. The study utilizes the psychological service's accounting and reporting documentation, which describes all calls to the service during the specified period. The research method utilized content analysis of the data to assess the subject matter, geography, and quality of the assistance provided. Results and discussion: In four years, dispatch psychologists handled 1 855 calls and provided assistance in 1 526 cases. The study's scientific contribution lies in systematizing the experience of organizing and providing emergency psychological support through the "112" service in the region and identifying key population needs for psychological support in crisis situations. The scope of application includes optimizing the operation of emergency psychological support services and developing initial training programs for dispatch psychologists. Conclusions: The implementation of emergency psychological support through the "112" service at the State Public Institution of the Volgograd Region "Control and Communications Center" in the Volgograd Region demonstrates the high demand and effectiveness of remote psychological support for the population. This initiative ensures prompt coordination between emergency services and psychologists, promptly responding to residents' current and traditional crisis needs, including post-COVID conditions, phobias, stress related to the current geopolitical situation, and suicidal tendencies.

The article reflects the current state of the problem of brucellosis in the Volgograd region. The increase in the incidence of brucellosis highlights the growing importance of this issue. Purpose: To determine the characteristics of the epidemic process of brucellosis in the Volgograd region and identify the risk factors that caused the epidemiological situation in 2025. Materials and methods: Based on emergency notifications, epidemiological investigation cards and medical histories, we analyzed 35 cases of brucellosis in patients of infectious hospitals in the Volgograd region. The study was conducted with the approval of the Local Ethics Committee. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Microsoft EXCEL 2010 program. Results and discussion: The article presents data on the nature of the epidemic process among the population of the Volgograd Region. The intensity and dynamics of the process are described, and the age and social structure of patients in 2025 are shown. The factors of infection transmission are identified, and the risk factors that caused the epidemiological situation are determined. The connection between animal and human disease is noted, which further highlights the presence of zoonotic foci of infection. The analysis conducted allowed us to formulate practical recommendations and identify preventive measures carried out by veterinary and medical services aimed at reducing the incidence of diseases in the region. As a result of the study, the territories of the region were identified as unfavorable for human brucellosis. Conclusion: Laboratory methods of examination during periodic preventive examinations, regardless of the epizootic situation, increase the detection rate of infected individuals. An analysis of the conditions of infection in patients showed the high importance of the organization of trade in livestock products as a social factor that determines the intensity of the epidemic process. According to the epidemiological investigation, most of the patients were infected through the alimentary route, with 54.3 % of infections transmitted through dairy and meat products that had not undergone veterinary control. In this regard, the interaction between healthcare organizations, Rospotrebnadzor, the veterinary service, and the heads of enterprises and organizations that work with livestock and process livestock products remains relevant.

Ophthalmic disorders remain one of the leading causes of temporary and permanent disability, as well as reduced quality of life, which determines the high socio-economic importance of the effectiveness of specialized care. The implementation of the federal project "Development of the National Medical Research Centers Network" (2021–2024) entails a substantial transformation of regional healthcare systems; however, the actual impact of new organizational approaches and centers of excellence on ophthalmic services in the regions of the Russian Federation has not been sufficiently studied. Saratov Region is among the territories with a pronounced need to improve access to high-technology ophthalmic care and to modernize infrastructure, which makes the analysis of ongoing changes particularly relevant. Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the federal project "Development of the National Medical Research Centers Network" and the organizational and methodological guidance provided by the Volgograd Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution on the development of the ophthalmic service in Saratov Region in 2021–2024. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted using official medical statistics for Saratov Region for 2021–2024. Data on human resource provision, infrastructure, volumes of high-technology medical care, and the implementation of innovative technologies were analyzed. Results und discussion: The study demonstrated a positive impact of the organizational and methodological guidance of the Volgograd Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution on the development of the regional ophthalmic service. An increase in the availability of specialized care, the introduction of modern diagnostic and treatment methods, and the strengthening of human resource capacity were established. Conclusions: The experience of the region can serve as a model for organizing ophthalmic care within the framework of the national project "Healthcare".

A balanced biomechanical complex, which includes elements such as the dentition, the masticatory muscles that raise and lower the mandible, and the temporomandibular joint, ensures efficient and harmonious function of the human masticatory apparatus. The center of mechanical force generation is the masticatory muscles, which are under the control and regulation of the nervous system. Disruption of the geometric shape of the teeth and dental arch causes changes in the uniformity of contractions, rhythm, force, and direction of impact in the muscles that elevate the mandible, leading to overload and underload of the elements of the masticatory apparatus. Purpose: Comparison of the bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles in patients with unilateral defects in the dynamics of treatment with prostheses made using different methods. Materials and methods: 31 people (21 women and 10 men) aged 35 to 50 years with unilateral defects of the dental arches were examined. The examination included individuals with clinically healthy periodontium and no concomitant pathologies. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the method of prosthetics. 1 group: digital method of prosthetics with fixed structures (16 people). 2 group: analog method of making fixed structures (15 people). The study was conducted in 3 stages: before prosthetics, after prosthetics, 21 days after prosthetics. Results and discussion: Studying adaptation to prostheses manufactured using a digital protocol, the results showed a gentle and smooth adaptation of the masticatory muscles to the newly created occlusal contacts, which in most cases were obtained using prototypes of future prostheses. This fact allows for the creation of an optimal occlusal surface corresponding to the antagonistic groups. The use of prototypes allows for a gentle adaptation without causing stress spikes in electrical excitability when new occlusal contacts appear. A significant role in this process is played by the minimal error of this technique, which allows predicting the density of contact of the dentitions in occlusions that constitute the masticatory cycle. This approach allows the muscles to enter the adaptation of the masticatory process gently and safely adapt the elements of the TMJ to the newly created contacts. Conclusion: Restoration of dentition defects with fixed prostheses increases the synchronization of muscle function, and the digital protocol is the optimal method for the most effective patient rehabilitation.

Patients with spinal osteochondrosis typically develop persistent chronic pain. However, this typical clinical manifestation of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs associated with osteochondrosis may conceal prognostically much more serious diseases (including malignant neoplasms), especially in the absence of the classic radiographic symptom of "punched-out osteolysis foci (punches)" characteristic of myeloma. This is also facilitated by the fact that most patients with malignant neoplasms can maintain relatively satisfactory general health for a long time, even despite the onset of pain. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the diagnostic search in a 65-year-old patient complaining of lower back pain, using data from outpatient and inpatient medical records. Results and discussion: This clinical case demonstrates the insidious nature of multiple myeloma, which can be masked not only by other, prognostically more favorable conditions, but also by malignant neoplasms. It demonstrates that targeted, persistent diagnostics enables timely detection of the disease, which sometimes hides behind the clinical veil of classic degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, as well as in the form of metastatic lesions. Conclusions: This clinical case report demonstrates the similarity between the typical clinical presentation of chronic low back pain exacerbation associated with degenerative spinal diseases and the onset of multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by multiple foci of osteodestruction. Given that such patients may receive prolonged treatment for radiculopathy from a neurologist, the crucial time to initiate treatment for multiple myeloma may be missed.

Prevention of postoperative seromas in the treatment of abdominal wall hernias always remains a major concern in herniology. Seromas, as a complication following hernial orifice repair, are a leading cause. When dividing the anterior abdominal wall tissues, especially with extensive separation, numerous blood and lymphatic vessels are exposed, which predicts the development of clinically significant postoperative seromas in the surgical area. This problem remains unresolved, prompting surgeons to actively seek preventative methods for postoperative serocomplication prevention. In our opinion, the way to prevent the formation of seromas is to use a medical adhesive based on alpha-cyanocrylic acid (Sulfacrylate). Taking into account its properties – rapid polymerization, hemostatic and lymphostatic, as well as bactericidal effects, the ability to biodegrade in the anterior abdominal wall (fragmentation and resorption) subsequently, the percentage of postoperative seromas significantly decreases. Purpose: To determine the effect of using sulfacrylate medical glue as a preventive measure for clinically significant postoperative seromas in allogernioplasty of incisional ventral hernias. Materials and methods: The study included 126 patients with postoperative ventral hernias of various sizes, including 50 (the study group) who underwent allohernioplasty with the additional use of sulfacrylate adhesive composition, and 76 (the control group) who did not use glue. Results and discussion: The use of the adhesive composition (sulfacrylate) demonstrated the ability not only to additionally fix the mesh implant but also to significantly reduce the percentage of clinically significant seromas in the surgical area. Conclusions: The use of medical acrylic glue is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the formation of clinically significant seromas in the supraventricular space during surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias.